Spoken English

Short forms

Native speakers often say two or three words quickly, so they sound like one word. Read and listen to the full form first, then listen to the short form.

How to read the stress

Big, dark words with a dot are stressed: say them louder and longer. Small gray words are weak: say them fast and quiet. Some short forms are weak (gonna, ya, didja), and some keep the stress (wanna, gotta, hafta). Learn more on the Sentence stress page.

Speak it, don't write it

Use short forms when you speak or chat with friends. In blog posts, emails and work messages, write the full form.


gonna = going to

Full form

slow and clear

I'm going to build a website.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

I'm gonna build a website.

ไทยฉันจะสร้างเว็บไซต์

Use gonna for future plans.

wanna = want to

Full form

slow and clear

I want to learn English.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

I wanna learn English.

ไทยฉันอยากเรียนภาษาอังกฤษ

Use wanna when you talk about something you want to do.

gotta = have got to

Full form

slow and clear

I have got to go now.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

I gotta go now.

ไทยฉันต้องไปแล้ว

gotta means "must". Don't say "I'm gotta" — say "I gotta" or "I've gotta".

lemme = let me

Full form

slow and clear

Let me check my code.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

Lemme check my code.

ไทยขอฉันดูโค้ดก่อนนะ

Use lemme when you offer to do something.

gimme = give me

Full form

slow and clear

Give me a second.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

Gimme a second.

ไทยขอเวลาสักครู่

gimme is very casual. Use it only with friends.

kinda = kind of

Full form

slow and clear

I'm kind of tired today.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

I'm kinda tired today.

ไทยวันนี้ฉันค่อนข้างเหนื่อย

kinda means "a little" or "somewhat".

dunno = don't know

Full form

slow and clear

I don't know the answer.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

I dunno the answer.

ไทยฉันไม่รู้คำตอบ

People often say just "Dunno." as a short answer.

whatcha = what are you

Full form

slow and clear

What are you doing?

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

Whatcha doing?

ไทยคุณกำลังทำอะไรอยู่

A friendly, casual way to ask what someone is doing.

sorta = sort of

Full form

slow and clear

This code sort of works.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

This code sorta works.

ไทยโค้ดนี้ก็พอทำงานได้อยู่

sorta means the same as kinda: "a little" or "not completely".

a lotta = a lot of

Full form

slow and clear

I have a lot of bugs to fix.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

I have a lotta bugs to fix.

ไทยฉันมีบั๊กต้องแก้เยอะเลย

Use a lotta to talk about a big number or amount of something.

outta = out of

Full form

slow and clear

I'm out of coffee.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

I'm outta coffee.

ไทยกาแฟฉันหมดแล้ว

"I'm outta here!" means "I'm leaving now!"

hafta = have to

Full form

slow and clear

I have to finish this today.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

I hafta finish this today.

ไทยฉันต้องทำงานนี้ให้เสร็จวันนี้

hafta means "must", like gotta. For he, she or it, say hasta (has to).

shoulda = should have

Full form

slow and clear

I should have saved my work.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

I shoulda saved my work.

ไทยฉันน่าจะเซฟงานไว้

Use shoulda when you wish you did something in the past. Write "should have", never "should of".

coulda = could have

Full form

slow and clear

You could have asked me.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

You coulda asked me.

ไทยคุณถามฉันก็ได้นะ

Use coulda for something that was possible in the past, but didn't happen.

woulda = would have

Full form

slow and clear

I would have called you, but my phone died.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

I woulda called you, but my phone died.

ไทยฉันคงโทรหาคุณไปแล้ว แต่แบตโทรศัพท์หมด

Use woulda for something you planned or wanted to do in the past, but didn't do.

musta = must have

Full form

slow and clear

I must have deleted the file.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

I musta deleted the file.

ไทยฉันคงเผลอลบไฟล์ไปแน่เลย

Use musta when you are almost sure about something in the past. Write "must have", never "must of".

didja = did you

Full form

slow and clear

Did you eat lunch?

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

Didja eat lunch?

ไทยคุณกินข้าวเที่ยงหรือยัง

A fast, friendly way to ask a question about the past.

gotcha = got you

Full form

slow and clear

I got you. I'll fix the bug.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

Gotcha. I'll fix the bug.

ไทยเข้าใจแล้ว เดี๋ยวฉันแก้บั๊กให้

Gotcha means "I understand." Say it when someone explains something to you.

ya = you

Full form

slow and clear

See you tomorrow.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

See ya tomorrow.

ไทยเจอกันพรุ่งนี้

You'll often hear ya in goodbyes: "See ya!" or "Talk to ya later!"

c'mon = come on

Full form

slow and clear

Come on, you can do it!

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

C'mon, you can do it!

ไทยเอาน่า คุณทำได้!

Use c'mon to encourage someone, or to ask them to hurry.

tryna = trying to

Full form

slow and clear

I'm trying to fix this bug.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

I'm tryna fix this bug.

ไทยฉันกำลังพยายามแก้บั๊กนี้อยู่

Use tryna when you are working hard to do something right now.

oughta = ought to

Full form

slow and clear

You ought to take a break.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

You oughta take a break.

ไทยคุณควรพักบ้างนะ

oughta means "should". Use it to give advice.

'cause = because

Full form

slow and clear

I'm tired because I coded all night.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

I'm tired 'cause I coded all night.

ไทยฉันเหนื่อยเพราะเขียนโค้ดทั้งคืน

'cause sounds like "cuz". You'll hear it all the time in fast speech.

dontcha = don't you

Full form

slow and clear

Don't you want some coffee?

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

Dontcha want some coffee?

ไทยคุณไม่อยากดื่มกาแฟหน่อยเหรอ

Use dontcha to offer something or to check what someone thinks.

wouldja = would you

Full form

slow and clear

Would you help me with this?

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

Wouldja help me with this?

ไทยช่วยฉันเรื่องนี้หน่อยได้ไหม

A casual way to ask for help. With your boss or a customer, say "Would you" clearly.

whaddaya = what do you

Full form

slow and clear

What do you think about my website?

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

Whaddaya think about my website?

ไทยคุณคิดยังไงกับเว็บไซต์ของฉัน

whaddaya is very common in questions: "Whaddaya want?" "Whaddaya mean?"

betcha = bet you

Full form

slow and clear

I bet you like Thai food.

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

I betcha like Thai food.

ไทยฉันว่าคุณต้องชอบอาหารไทยแน่ๆ

"I betcha" means "I'm sure that you…"

y'all = you all

Full form

slow and clear

Are you all ready?

Short form (spoken)

fast and natural

Are y'all ready?

ไทยทุกคนพร้อมกันหรือยัง

Use y'all to talk to a group of people. It is very common in the southern United States.

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