Grammar basics
Subordinating conjunctions
A subordinating conjunction joins a main sentence to a helper part that cannot stand alone, like because it was raining or if you have time.
Main part + helper part
| Main part (can stand alone) | Helper part (cannot stand alone) |
|---|---|
| I stayed home | because it was raining. |
| I'll help you | if you have time. |
The helper part can also come first. Then put a comma after it:
Because it was raining, I stayed home.
Common subordinating conjunctions
| Meaning | Conjunctions |
|---|---|
| Reason | because, since |
| Difference | although, even though, while |
| Condition | if, unless |
| Time | when, while, before, after, until, as soon as |
The cards for because and although are on the Conjunctions page.
One word, not two
Thai uses pairs like แม้ว่า…แต่ and เพราะ…จึง. English uses only one conjunction. Say Although it was late, I kept working, not Although it was late, but I kept working.
If
Talks about something that may happen.
If you have questions, send me a message.
When
At the time that something happens.
When I finish work, I go to the gym.
Unless
Means "if not".
I won't go out unless the rain stops.
While
At the same time as something else.
I listen to music while I code.
Even though
A stronger way to say although.
Even though English is hard, I practice every day.
As soon as
Right after something happens.
I'll call you as soon as I get home.